The objects themselves were distributed to a number of museums, amongst them the Egyptian collection of the Royal Museums for Art and History in Brussels. As usual for the time, only the most important finds were described or illustrated in the excavation report. They visited the site and identified it as a Predynastic cemetery, which they subsequently excavated in January 1909. Loat were informed about a cemetery being looted at nearby el-Mahâsna. When working at Abydos during the last months of 1908, E.R. The sudden appearance of water-lily representations is to be seen as part of the development of the Dynastic visual language. ![]() The association with cosmetics and music point to the more pleasant side of elite life, which must have been the reason for the integration of the water-lily into Early Dynastic iconography. Rattles in the shape of water-lily buds extend the idea of beauty to that of music. The faience vessels were found in temple deposits, illustrating the symbolic importance of the flower. Small stone and faience cosmetic vessels in the shape of the water-lily flower refer to its odorous qualities and by extension to beauty. ![]() An interdisciplinary approach allows the interpretation of the symbolic meaning of the plant within the cultural context of daily life and the ancient Egyptian landscape. The finds of that period are discussed using the available archaeological and environmental data. However, the earliest representations of the water-lily date only to the Naqada III period. The association of the water-lily with architecture and art is one of the most familiar visual aspects of the ancient Egyptian culture. These preliminary findings suggest that the site of el-Amra has much more to teach us about the dynamics of state formation in Upper Egypt and how the people who lived, worked, and were buried at this site were affected by Egypt’s transition to territorial statehood. Fragments from a variety of foreign style pottery vessels whose designs date to the Early Bronze Ib1 indicate activity in or awareness of trade routes connecting Upper Egypt with southern Palestine during the period of Egyptian state formation. ![]() Sealing backs with impressions of bags, pottery vessels, boxes and door bolts indicate that sealed goods were delivered to the settlement. A stamp seal, a cylinder seal, fragments of zoomorphic and anthropomorphic figurines, bread trays and cylinder seal impressions suggest local cultic and administrative activities. Additionally, the presence of shallow bowls with red-painted decoration (Decorated Ware), rare in the mortuary corpus, could be an indication of local cultic activity. Ratios of straw-tempered Nile silt pottery sherds to those of untempered Nile silt and calcium carbonate-tempered sherds are consistent with those discovered at Naqada South Town and North Town (Hassan & Matson 1989: 309). Exposed architectural features share characteristics with settlement areas discovered in phase 2 of Hierakonpolis Locality 29 (Hoffman 1982: 12). Preliminary analyses of the geophysical data, surface collections and exposed architectural features indicate that these settlement areas date from the Naqada IIc-d to Naqada IIIb period, with the production area possibly continuing in use to mid-Dynasty 1. The 2007 investigation of the low desert site of el-Amra (26☈'56.99"N 31★8'46.10"E), located in the Qena district of Upper Egypt revealed two settlements and one probable production area through geophysical prospection.
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